This may be a question that reveals my ignorance but I am trying to calculate the proper base bias resistor to bias a transistor to saturation. I have several applications and I would like to know the proper method of calculating the resistance value. The transistors are types ranging from 2N2222 to TIP-31. I can get the transistors to work but I am guessing at the resistance values. I would rather know what I am doing.
Jim
Jim