Hello...

I'm trying to solve a new amplifier problem with a BJT.

The circuit is attached and also a screenshot.

I think I have already found:

\(\displaystyle {R_{i}=\left [ \left ( R_{b1}\parallel R_{b2} \right ) + hie + \left ( hfe + 1 \right )\cdot \left ( R_{e} \parallel R_{Load}\right )\right ]}\)

But now I'm struggling to find Vi. Can anyone give a hand?

 

Can I say that Vi = Ri*Ib knowing that Ib is the input current?

And consequently that
\(\displaystyle {A_{v}=\frac{v_{o}}{v_{i}}=\frac{hfe\cdot \left ( R_{e} \parallel R_{Load}\right )}{\left [ \left ( R_{b1} \parallel R_{b2}\right )+hie + \left ( hfe+1 \right )\cdot \left ( R_{e} \parallel R_{Load}\right ) \right ]}}\)

 

Your gain expression is wrong and I also do not like your expression for Ri . As for Vin or I should say Vb
Vin = Ib*hie + (β+1)*Ib*Re

Also your small-signal diagram are drawn horrible, non-intuitive at all.

 

Your gain expression is wrong and I also do not like your expression for Ri . As for Vin or I should say Vb
Vin = Ib*hie + (β+1)*Ib*Re

Can you then explain or give a hint on how to find correct Ri and Vi?

What I did was to remember what I used to do with resistive circuits to find an equivalent circuit resistance, meaning that I have shorted all power supplies and replaced the current source by an open circuit. Then I wrote that expression for Ri based on what was left after the described procedure!

For Vi I just multiplied Ri by Ib.

Also your small-signal diagram are drawn horrible, non-intuitive at all.

The Small AC signal equivalent circuit, I just rotated BJT by 180º so that I would have an equivalent circuit that looked more like what I was used to see. The Hybrid model, was just follow the previous circuit. How could it be more intuitive? Maybe it helps me understanding your equation for Vi where you're just adding voltage drop at hie and the voltage drop at Re...

 

Can you then explain or give a hint on how to find correct Ri and Vi?

What I did was to remember what I used to do with resistive circuits to find an equivalent circuit resistance, meaning that I have shorted all power supplies and replaced the current source by an open circuit. Then I wrote that expression for Ri based on what was left after the described procedure!

For Vi I just multiplied Ri by Ib.



The Small AC signal equivalent circuit, I just rotated BJT by 180º so that I would have an equivalent circuit that looked more like what I was used to see. The Hybrid model, was just follow the previous circuit. How could it be more intuitive? Maybe it helps me understanding your equation for Vi where you're just adding voltage drop at hie and the voltage drop at Re...

If I were you, I would get a textbook about transistors and start reading it.

 

That was not of a big help. I have exam next friday and obviously I have no time to read an whole book about transistors or amplifiers!

Edited;

Jony130, for Vin, shouldn't we also consider R_Load? If not, then wouldn't the input impedance be always the same regardless the load we hook up there?

So, after re-analysing things I would say that Vi = hie*Ib + (β+1)*Ib*(Re//R_Load)

 

The small-signal diagram should look like this


And from there we see that:
Vb = Vbe + Vo = Ib*hie + (Ib + hfe*Ib)*Re||RL = Ib*hie + Ib* (hfe +1)*Re||RL

As for Ri we see that RB1||RB2 is in parallel with hie+(hfe +1)*Re||RL not in series as in your expression.

 

Ah ok, then R_Load is now included in Vi. The previous expression of your's didn't.

And now your equations looks more like mine after re-analysing the circuit. At your Vi expression, I think there might be missing there a parenthesis to make Ib to multiply for the whole expression, right?

About Ri, I think you're right.

So, re-writing both expressions:

\(\displaystyle {R_{i}=\left [ \left ( R_{b1} \parallel R_{b2} \right )\right \parallel \left ( hie + \left ( h_{FE} + 1 \right )\cdot \left ( R_{e}\parallel R_{Load} \right ) \right ) ]}\)

\(\displaystyle {V_{i} = I_{b}\cdot \left ( hie+\left ( h_{FE} + 1 \right )\cdot \left ( R_{e} \parallel R_{Load}\right ) \right )}\)

\(\displaystyle {V_{o} = I_{b}\cdot \left ( h_{FE} +1 \right )\cdot \left ( R_{e} \parallel R_{Load}\right )}\)

\(\displaystyle {A_{v}=\frac{\left ( h_{FE}+1 \right )\cdot \left ( R_{e} \parallel R_{Load}\right )}{hie+\left ( h_{FE}+1 \right )\cdot \left ( R_{e} \parallel R_{Load}\right )}}\)

\(
\displaystyle {R_{o}=\frac{v_{x}}{i_{x}}\left\{\begin{matrix}
\\
V_{sig} = 0\\
R_{Load} = \infty
\end{matrix}\right.=\frac{i_{x}\cdot R_{e}}{i_{x}}=R_{e}}
\)

 

Yes, I forget about Ib in the second part of a equation.
But notice that yours Vi is in fact Vb in my diagram. So Vo/Vi = Vo/Vb which is not equal to Vo/Vsig.

 

I've edited my previous post.

I don't know if I got your point about Vo/Vi = Vo/Vb and not being the same as Vo/Vsig.

Can you please rephrase or explain differently?

What you called Vb I think it's my Vi and it's Vi (or your Vb) that I'm looking for for my voltage gain.

 

Yours Vi is Vb = Vbe+Vo = Ib*hie + Ib* (hfe +1)*Re||RL but this is not the "real" input source . The real input source is Vsig not the voltage at base.
As for Ro read this:
http://forum.allaboutcircuits.com/t...ce-of-the-emitter-follower.66656/#post-460056
Because again Ro is not equal to Re.

Or use this diagram


Rout = Vx/Ix

 

Ok, if I think about that node at the top of Re, I can see Ix going in, Ib going out, hfe*Ib going out and Ie also going out.

So, according to your currents directions in your schematic:
Ix = hfe*Ib + Ib + Ie
Ix = Ib*(hfe + 1 + (hfe + 1)) = 2*Ib*(hfe + 1) ????? I don't like this at all!

Edited;

If I go on with this:

Ro = vx/ix
Ro = Ib*(hFE + 1)*Re/(2*Ib*(hFE + 1)) = Re/(hFE + 1)

Never seen this result before and don't like it!

 

First try simplify the diagram.
First notice that Re is in parallel with Vx and Rsig||(Rb1||Rb2) is in series with hie. Do you see this?
So we have this circuit



Ix = Ib + Ic = Ib + β*Ib = Ib * (β + 1)
And
Rx = hie +Rsig||(Rb1||Rb2)

 

I can see what you said about the cirucit resistors in parallel and in series.
But then why did you omitted the rest of the circuit on the above diagram? Also that Ix = Ie and Rx = Re. I'm not getting the point of this!

I can't also see why is Rb1//Rb2 in parallel with hie and the rest, and not Rb1//Rb2 in series with hie and then, in parallel with Re//R_Load

 

hi.
Jony has not omitted the rest of the circuit, he has shown the equivalent total resistive value of the circuit shown in this image as Rx , in order to simplify the circuit.

 

Ok, but what about Re? Re is not included in his equation for Rx!

And why is Rb1//Rb2 in parallel with hie and the rest, and not Rb1//Rb2 in series with hie and then, in parallel with Re//R_Load?

I mean, why is

\(\displaystyle {R_{i}=\left ( R_{b1}\parallel R_{b2} \right )\parallel \left [ hie+\left ( hfe+1 \right )\cdot \left ( R_{e}\parallel R_{Load} \right ) \right ]}\)

and not

\(\displaystyle {R_{i}=\left [ \left ( R_{b1}\parallel R_{b2} \right )+hie\right ]\parallel \left [ \left ( hfe+1 \right )\cdot \left ( R_{e}\parallel R_{Load} \right ) \right ]}\)

 

Maybe my latest posts have been unclear for you. I'm sorry for that.

You want to find the output resistance for a CC amplifier. And this is why I give you this small-signal circuit.
View attachment 88448
So you can find output resistance Ro = Vx/Ix. But this circuit is hard to analysis by hand.
So I show you a simplified diagram




And I omitted Re because Re is in parallel with Vx so we can include Re later in our calculations.
And as I said earlier the Rx resistance is a equivalent resistance of this part of a circuit:


Rx = hie + Rsig||(Rb1||Rb2)

So now you can use this circuit:

View attachment 88460

And all you need to do know is to find Rt = Vx/Ix and after you find Rt we can finally find Ro by adding Re, Rout = Rt||Re. Can you do that ?? And we doing all of this to make the math easier

And why is Rb1//Rb2 in parallel with hie and the rest, and not Rb1//Rb2 in series with hie and then, in parallel with Re//R_Load?

I mean, why is

\(\displaystyle {R_{i}=\left ( R_{b1}\parallel R_{b2} \right )\parallel \left [ hie+\left ( hfe+1 \right )\cdot \left ( R_{e}\parallel R_{Load} \right ) \right ]}\)

and not

\(\displaystyle {R_{i}=\left [ \left ( R_{b1}\parallel R_{b2} \right )+hie\right ]\parallel \left [ \left ( hfe+1 \right )\cdot \left ( R_{e}\parallel R_{Load} \right ) \right ]}\)

Please do not mix input resistance with a output resistance.

Input resistance is equal to

\(\displaystyle {R_{i}=\left ( R_{b1}\parallel R_{b2} \right )\parallel \left [ hie+\left ( hfe+1 \right )\cdot \left ( R_{e}\parallel R_{Load} \right ) \right ]}\)

 

Ok. I think I can say that

\(\displaystyle {I_{x}=I_{b} \cdot \left ( hfe + 1 \right )}\)

And as you already said:

\(\displaystyle {R_{x}=hie + R_{sig}\parallel \left ( R_{b1}\parallel R_{b2} \right )}\)

But isn't Vx = Ix*Rx???

So, if I divide Vx by Ix I will end up with Rx, right?

And about Ri, my question is why isn't Ri the equation I said, but the one you said. There is a difference where I say that Ri is the Rb1//Rb2 in series with hie, and this in parallel with Re//R_load and you say that it's Rb1//Rb2 in parallel with hie in series with Re//R_Load. Why is

 

\(\displaystyle {I_{x}=I_{b} \cdot \left ( hfe + 1 \right )}\)

And as you already said:

\(\displaystyle {R_{x}=hie + R_{sig}\parallel \left ( R_{b1}\parallel R_{b2} \right )}\)

But isn't Vx = Ix*Rx???

So, if I divide Vx by Ix I will end up with Rx, right?

No, please do the math first. And remember that Ix = Ib*(β+1)

And about Ri, my question is why isn't Ri the equation I said, but the one you said. There is a difference where I say that Ri is the Rb1//Rb2 in series with hie, and this in parallel with Re//R_load and you say that it's Rb1//Rb2 in parallel with hie in series with Re//R_Load. Why is

I don't understand your question. But If you talking about input resistance we clearly see that Is current is spiting into I_RB and Ib . The Ib current is also flowing through Re||RL plus Ic of course. And this is why Rb1||RB2 is in parallel with (hie + Re||RL). If you don't see it, please do the math.

 

Ok,

Ix=Ib*(β+1)

Rx = hie + Rsig||(Rb1||Rb2)

Vx - I'm not sure what to say about Vx.

But if Vx = Rx*Ix, then Rt = (Rx*Ix)/Ix = Rx