It amazes me how many people have started wasting their time and energy trying to design and build perpetual motion devices, and disregard everything they are taught about energy losses. So I'm starting this thread to hopefully explain why overunity devices are impossible, and why they will fail every time.
We'll start with the first two laws of Thermodynamics. The first law states that:
Besides the energy which is turned into heat, some of the energy is also lost due to friction. This goes hand-in-hand with the loss in heat, but it is still different. If you connect just a motor to a battery (and don't put a load on the shaft), the output is still less than the input (simply put). This is because the shaft is still in contact with other parts of the motor, whether it be brushes, bearings, the casing, etc. When any two objects come in contact with each other, friction is created, which means an immediate loss in energy. That also is enough to make perpetual motion impossible.
Finally, there's Newton's 3rd law of motion: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When the shaft of the motor exerts a force on the generator shaft, the generator pushes back on the motor with the same force. If you don't have a power source to keep the motor moving, the forces will immediately balance themselves out, and no more force will be exerted on either of the shafts. The device would stop dead in its tracks if there is no external force acting upon it.
Also, part of the Second Law of Thermodynamics states that:
Now, this example only used the example of a motor connected to a generator. However, these ideas apply to every design for a perpetual motion device. Energy is lost in a form which we cannot use in every setup. It is inevitable. And if energy is lost through one cycle, it will continue to be lost for each consecutive one until it all has been wasted. This, my friends, is why Perpetual Motion is impossible, and why it is a waste of time to try to build one. You cannot defy the laws of physics. They rule our lives, whether you like it or not, and there's nothing you can do to change it.
We'll start with the first two laws of Thermodynamics. The first law states that:
This means that you cannot have something that makes more "energy" than its input provides. Let's take the common example of a motor and a generator, connected shaft-to-shaft. The motor will spin the shaft of the generator at a certain speed, depending on the voltage and current input. The generator will spin at the same speed, and generate a current proportional to the speed at which it's turning. The generated current will go back into the motor. Okay, so far, so good, right? Now here's the catch: When a current is applied to the motor, the resistance in the motor's coils causes some of the current to be reduced. The energy is often converted into heat at this stage. If you touch a motor that has been running for a while, it will be warm. That warmth is proof that the energy of the mechanical output of the motor is less than the energy that is put into it in the form of voltage and current.
Besides the energy which is turned into heat, some of the energy is also lost due to friction. This goes hand-in-hand with the loss in heat, but it is still different. If you connect just a motor to a battery (and don't put a load on the shaft), the output is still less than the input (simply put). This is because the shaft is still in contact with other parts of the motor, whether it be brushes, bearings, the casing, etc. When any two objects come in contact with each other, friction is created, which means an immediate loss in energy. That also is enough to make perpetual motion impossible.
Finally, there's Newton's 3rd law of motion: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When the shaft of the motor exerts a force on the generator shaft, the generator pushes back on the motor with the same force. If you don't have a power source to keep the motor moving, the forces will immediately balance themselves out, and no more force will be exerted on either of the shafts. The device would stop dead in its tracks if there is no external force acting upon it.
Also, part of the Second Law of Thermodynamics states that:
We mentioned before that some of the electrical energy is converted to heat in the motor and through friction. Now we know that the heat which was created moves towards cooler areas and dissipates, rather than going back into the device. That energy loss means that the useful energy at the output is less than what we started with, and it will continue to diminish for every cycle.
Now, this example only used the example of a motor connected to a generator. However, these ideas apply to every design for a perpetual motion device. Energy is lost in a form which we cannot use in every setup. It is inevitable. And if energy is lost through one cycle, it will continue to be lost for each consecutive one until it all has been wasted. This, my friends, is why Perpetual Motion is impossible, and why it is a waste of time to try to build one. You cannot defy the laws of physics. They rule our lives, whether you like it or not, and there's nothing you can do to change it.
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